Phenolic biopolymer

Lignin

The most abundant aromatic biopolymer, used mainly to replace phenol in PF-type resins.

Overview

Lignin is the phenolic polymer that binds cellulose fibres in wood. Pulp mills and biorefineries produce it as kraft lignin, lignosulfonate, soda lignin or organosolv lignin. Each type differs in molecular weight, purity, sulfur content and how many reactive phenolic sites it has.

The most mature use is partial replacement of phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins for plywood and OSB. Full phenol replacement has been shown in the laboratory. Formaldehyde-free lignin systems, which combine lignin with glyoxal, tannin, proteins or carbonate chemistry, are still at research stage.

Chemistry and bonding mechanism

Lignin is built from three monolignols, which give H, G and S units. Aldehydes can only crosslink at a free ring position next to the phenolic OH. G units have one such position and S units have none, so softwood (G-rich) lignin is usually more reactive than hardwood (S-rich) lignin.

Common activation routes: methylolation, phenolation, demethylation, depolymerisation to lower molecular weight, and fractionation. Without activation, lignin reacts much more slowly than phenol, so press times get longer or bond strength drops.

Representative structures

Monomers and model units, drawn from SMILES with RDKit. Polymers are shown by a representative unit, not a full structure.

p-Coumaryl alcohol (H unit)

Monolignol giving H units; abundant in grass lignins.

OC/C=C/c1ccc(O)cc1

Coniferyl alcohol (G unit)

Main monolignol of softwood lignin; one free ring position ortho to the phenol for crosslinking.

OC/C=C/c1ccc(O)c(OC)c1

Sinapyl alcohol (S unit)

Hardwood monolignol; both ortho positions methoxylated, so less reactive toward aldehydes.

OC/C=C/c1cc(OC)c(O)c(OC)c1

Phenol

Fossil phenolic monomer of PF resins; the component lignin and tannin aim to replace.

Oc1ccccc1

Formaldehyde

Incumbent crosslinker in UF, MUF and PF resins; the substance the new rules limit.

C=O

Glyoxal

Non-volatile dialdehyde used as a formaldehyde substitute (UG, lignin-glyoxal, tannin-glyoxal).

O=CC=O

Position and maturity

Typical products: plywood, OSB, particleboard, laminated veneer lumber
Incumbent to beat: PF for exterior plywood and OSB; UF or MUF for interior panels.
Maturity: Partial phenol substitution is in industrial use; full replacement and formaldehyde-free lignin binders are laboratory to pilot scale.

Strengths

Large, low-cost side stream from pulping and biorefining.
Aromatic structure matches PF chemistry, so it fits existing equipment.

What to watch

Debondable and recyclable lignin binders (for example lignin-zein, lignin vitrimers).
Lignin-based NIPU and lignin-glyoxal systems with panel-scale data.

Technical challenges

Low and variable reactivity; batch-to-batch variation between mills and pulping processes.
Lignin-PF systems still contain formaldehyde, so a renewable share is not the same as a formaldehyde-free product.
Dark colour, odour from sulfur-containing grades, and solubility limits.

Cross-cutting: Press time, temperature and line throughput · Formaldehyde and VOC emissions · Renewable-content accounting · Feedstock variability and supply · Cost per qualified bond · Comparable life-cycle evidence · End of life and recyclability

Quarterly track

2026-Q4 · Sept 2026 – Nov 2026

Machine-triaged leads (8)

machine-triagedresearch25 Sept 2026· Science Advances

Aqueous lignin adhesive for high-performance wood bonding

A formaldehyde-free aqueous adhesive based on cysteine-functionalized lignin self-cured via amide bonds and bonded plywood with 4.0 MPa dry strength and high wet-strength retention.

“The solvent-free lignin adhesive for plywood outperforms commercial resins, demonstrating exceptional dry strength (4.0 MPa), high wet-strength retention (83.7%)”

machine-triagedresearch29 Sept 2026· Polymer Engineering & Science

Polyacrylamide Graft Modification of Alkali Lignin for Formaldehyde‐Free Wood Adhesives With Enhanced Bonding Strength, Fracture Resistance, and Water Resistance

Alkali lignin was grafted with polyacrylamide and combined with epoxy crosslinker triglycidylamine to give a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive.

“formaldehyde‐free lignin‐based wood adhesives with balanced bonding strength, fracture resistance, and water resistance”

machine-triagedresearchOct 2026· Chemical Engineering Journaltitle only

Cysteine-protected lignin as a fully bio-based adhesive for high-performance wood bonding

Cysteine-protected lignin is reported as a fully bio-based adhesive for high-performance wood bonding.

machine-triagedresearchSept 2026· Biomass and Bioenergytitle only

Formaldehyde-free lignin-phenol glyoxal adhesives from coconut-shell Kraft lignin for plywood bonding

Formaldehyde-free lignin-phenol-glyoxal adhesives were prepared from coconut-shell Kraft lignin for plywood bonding.

machine-triagedresearchSept 2026· International Journal of Biological Macromoleculestitle only

Lignin-based waterborne polyurethane for sustainable wood adhesives with enhanced strength and anti-aging properties

The record reports lignin-based waterborne polyurethane for sustainable wood adhesives with enhanced strength and anti-aging properties.

machine-triagedresearchOct 2026· Chemical Engineering Sciencetitle only

High-yield separation of less-condensed lignin from pine for direct use as a wood adhesive

Less-condensed lignin is separated from pine in high yield for direct use as a wood adhesive.

machine-triagedresearch9 Oct 2026· Journal of Chemical Natural Resources

Performance Evaluation of Borax/Citric Acid-Modified OPEFB Lignin Bio-Composite Wood Adhesive: Water Resistance, Shear Strength, and Spectroscopic Characteristics

OPEFB lignin-PVA bioresin dual-crosslinked with citric acid and borax gave dry shear strength 1.85 MPa and wet 1.42 MPa as a plywood adhesive.

“Formulation B2 is a promising formaldehyde-free plywood adhesive”

machine-triagedresearch10 Oct 2026· European Journal of Wood and Wood Products

Bamboo particleboards bonded with lignin-modified vinyl acetate-ethylene adhesive: physical, mechanical, and thermal properties

Kraft lignin at 5-20% was incorporated into vinyl acetate-ethylene adhesive for bamboo particleboards and physical, mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were evaluated.

“demonstrating the potential of lignin as a renewable modifier for VAE-based bamboo particleboards.”

2026-Q3 · Jun 2026 – Aug 2026

announcementconfidence: low6 Jul 2026·Circular-C consortium

Circular-C reports progress; qualification remains unverified

A July 6 project-partner disclosure reports lignin adhesive progress. June 10 dates the consortium meeting, not the underlying tests. Named standards and numerical results remain unavailable in this source.

Editorial interpretation: this warrants technical follow-up, not an assumption of commercial readiness.

Limitation: Exact wood-product classes, industrial trials and independent validation are not established by this announcement.

Sourced facts (6) and gaps

Milestone: lignin-based thermoset adhesives meeting relevant performance standards
lignin-based thermoset adhesives meeting relevant performance standards (First results, announcement)
Chemistry: lignin-based thermoset adhesives
lignin-based thermoset adhesives (First results, announcement)
Binder: lignin
lignin (First results, announcement)
Application: wood and fibre panels
wood and fibre panels (Opening description, announcement)
Demonstrated scale: early material development
early material development (First results, announcement)
Status: early material development
early material development (First results, announcement)
Not assessed: Geography, Crosslinker, Renewable basis, Fossil components, Capacity, Performance, Manufacturing, Incumbent comparison

Next evidence to seek: Request named standards, exact panel types, formulation and test reports; monitor larger-scale validation.

peer-reviewedconfidence: moderate8 Jul 2026·University of Haripur

Residue lignins fully replace phenol in lab LF resins

A July 8 PLOS One study made resol resins with lignin from chir-pine needles, eucalyptus sawdust or bagasse as the only phenolic component. Chir-pine lignin performed best (3.12 MPa dry lap shear) but stayed below the laboratory PF control (3.40 MPa).

Editorial interpretation: useful feedstock learning for phenolic substitution; it shows lignin structure, not total hydroxyl content, drives bond strength. Formaldehyde is still a reactant.

Limitation: Three replicates, lap-shear joints only, laboratory rather than commercial PF benchmark; panel emissions not measured.

Sourced facts (11) and gaps

Geography: Pakistan — basis: Feedstock and lead-author location
collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan (Materials, peer-reviewed)
Milestone: resol-type lignin-formaldehyde resins under a complete phenol-replacement system
resol-type lignin-formaldehyde resins under a complete phenol-replacement system (Abstract, peer-reviewed)
Chemistry: resol-type lignin-formaldehyde resins
resol-type lignin-formaldehyde resins (Abstract, peer-reviewed)
Binder: alkaline lignins
synthesized from alkaline lignins isolated from three locally available biomasses (Abstract, peer-reviewed)
Crosslinker: formaldehyde
each lignin was reacted with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions (Abstract, peer-reviewed)
Renewable basis: chir pine needles (CP), eucalyptus sawdust (ESD), and sugarcane bagasse (SB) — basis: Lignin source only; formaldehyde, NaOH, wheat flour and bark filler also present
chir pine needles (CP), eucalyptus sawdust (ESD), and sugarcane bagasse (SB) (Abstract, peer-reviewed)
Fossil components: formaldehyde (37%) — basis: Formaldehyde reactant retained; origin not stated
then added to formaldehyde (37%) (Methods: LF synthesis, peer-reviewed)
Application: single-lap joints prepared from poplar wood veneers
single-lap joints prepared from poplar wood veneers (Methods: bonding, peer-reviewed)
Demonstrated scale: lab-scale prototype
A lab-scale prototype development (Title, peer-reviewed)
Performance: 3.12 ± 0.01 MPa — unit: MPa; conditions: Dry; poplar veneer; approx. 1400 kPa, 180 °C, 3–4 min; basis: Chir-pine lignin LF adhesive; method: Lap shear, ASTM D906 / ISO 4587 principles, n=3; comparator: Laboratory PF control
dry strength decreased in the order CP (3.12 ± 0.01 MPa) (Results, Table 7, peer-reviewed)
Incumbent comparison: 3.40 ± 0.03 MPa — basis: Laboratory PF, dry; not a commercial adhesive
The laboratory PF control showed dry and wet strengths of 3.40 ± 0.03 MPa (Results, Table 7, peer-reviewed)
Not assessed: Status, Capacity, Manufacturing

Next evidence to seek: Seek panel-level tests (EN 314 / EN 319), free-formaldehyde and emission data, and a commercial PF comparison.

hold Lignin-zein debondable plywood adhesive (24 Jun 2026, doi:10.1039/d6gc02129h)
Author manuscript recovered, but veneer thickness (1.5 vs 1 mm) and dry spread (83 vs ~76 g/m²) differ between its sections; publisher version not yet compared.

hold Flame-retardant wood adhesive prepared from pulp mill residues (Date not established, doi:10.1039/d6gc02014c)
Repository access blocked (HTTP 403); only Crossref metadata retrieved, so no methods or results are reported.

Machine-triaged leads (12)

machine-triagedresearch20 Jul 2026· ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS

Bio‐Inspired Sclerotization of Lignin: A Robust Adhesive for Photothermal Wood‐Based Panels

Alkali lignin activated by ultrasonication and grafted with hyperbranched polyamide was epoxide-crosslinked into a formaldehyde-free adhesive for plywood panels.

“The plywood bonded with this adhesive exhibits a wet shear strength of 1.02–1.21 MPa”

machine-triagedresearch22 Jun 2026· Wood Material Science & Engineeringtitle only

Technical feasibility of using end of life laminate flooring fibres in lignin particleboard: panel performance and volatile organic compound emissions

End-of-life laminate flooring fibres were tested in lignin particleboard, with panel performance and volatile organic compound emissions assessed.

“Technical feasibility of using end of life laminate flooring fibres in lignin particleboard”

machine-triagedresearchJul 2026· Chemical Engineering Journaltitle only

Enzymatically synthesized native-like guaiacyl dehydrogenation polymer as a formaldehyde-free adhesive for high-strength, water-resistant plywood

An enzymatically synthesized native-like guaiacyl dehydrogenation polymer is reported as a formaldehyde-free adhesive for plywood.

“formaldehyde-free adhesive for high-strength, water-resistant plywood”

machine-triagedresearch6 Jul 2026· Polymers

Recent Advances and Sustainability Perspectives of Biobased Wood Panel Adhesives: Toward Cleaner and Formaldehyde-Free Wood Products

Review synthesizes progress in lignin-, tannin-, starch-, furan/HMF-, organic acid-, and soy-based wood panel adhesives, comparing laboratory performance with industrial feasibility.

“Lignin and tannins are highlighted as the most chemically compatible phenolic platforms”

machine-triagedresearchAug 2026· International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesivestitle only

Adhesive-free wood strand composites via alkaline-hydrothermal lignin activation: Correlating chemical structure with interfacial strength

The record studies adhesive-free wood strand composites made via alkaline-hydrothermal lignin activation and correlates chemical structure with interfacial strength.

machine-triagedresearch24 Aug 2026· Polymers

Fabrication and Characterization of Carboxylated Lignin Sulfonate Modified Epoxidized Soybean Oil Wood Adhesive Cured by Maleic Anhydride

A formaldehyde-free wood adhesive was prepared from epoxidized soybean oil cross-linked with maleic anhydride and carboxylated lignin sulfonate, with shear strength peaking at 40 mol% CLS.

“a formaldehyde-free bio-based wood adhesive was successfully fabricated using epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) cross-linked with maleic anhydride (MA) and carboxylated lignin sulfonate (CLS)”

machine-triagedresearch10 Jun 2026· ChemistrySelect

Application of Lignin‐Phenolic‐Formaldehyde (LPF) Resole as an Adhesive in Rice Husks (RH) Particle Boards

Lignin fractionated from pineapple peel black liquor was used with phenol and formaldehyde to make LPF resole binder for rice husk particleboards.

“lignin can be used to prepare LPF resin binders to make RH‐PB with good mechanical and water resistance properties”

machine-triagedresearch15 Jun 2026· International Wood Products Journal

The influence of non-catalysed steam explosion on lignocellulosic materials: A review to produce self-adhesive boards

Review analyzes non-catalysed steam explosion pre-treatment parameters for self-adhesive binderless particleboards, focusing on lignin plasticisation, hemicellulose solubilisation, and lignin–polysaccharide cross-linking.

“This review analyses the influence of non-catalysed SE pre-treatment on the performance of lignocellulosic materials used for the manufacture of binderless particleboards.”

machine-triagedresearch15 Jun 2026· Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite

Experimental Investigation of a Lignin-based Adhesive Layer for Biodegradable Composite Material Made With Wood Veneer and Hemp Fabric

Lignin was applied as a thermoplastic adhesive interlayer to bond wood veneer and hemp fabric, and the composite was tested for mechanical properties, ageing, and biodegradability.

“lignin was applied as a thermoplastic adhesive interlayer to bond wood veneer and hemp fabric”

machine-triagedresearch27 Aug 2026· European Coatings

Lignin–zein adhesive enables fully bio-based, debondable plywood - European Coatings

Report describes a lignin–zein adhesive system producing fully bio-based, debondable plywood.

“Lignin–zein adhesive enables fully bio-based, debondable plywood”

machine-triagedresearchJun 2026· International Journal of Biological Macromoleculestitle only

Dimensionally stable and UV-resistant wood composites fabricated based on waterborne epoxy resin using aminated lignin as curing agent

Waterborne epoxy resin with aminated lignin as curing agent was used to fabricate dimensionally stable and UV-resistant wood composites.

machine-triagedresearch18 Aug 2026· Widyariset

SYNTHESIS OF PHENOLIC FORMALDEHYDE RESOLE RESIN AS WOOD ADHESIVE USING 13'0 OIL

Phenol-formaldehyde resole resin was synthesized with 50% of the phenol substituted by a phenol/neutral fraction from bio-oil, but all samples failed to bond wood.

“semua sampel gagal merekatkan kedua permukaan kayu”

2026-Q2 · Mar 2026 – May 2026

Machine-triaged leads (11)

machine-triagedresearchMar 2026· International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesivestitle only

Evaluating the effects of Kraft and Hydroxymethylated lignin on particleboard performance and environmental impact

The study evaluates how Kraft and hydroxymethylated lignin affect particleboard performance and environmental impact.

machine-triagedresearchMar 2026· Industrial Crops and Productstitle only

Formaldehyde-free binder of natural rubber latex and lignin for sugarcane bagasse fiber composite plates

Formaldehyde-free binder of natural rubber latex and lignin is reported for sugarcane bagasse fiber composite plates.

machine-triagedresearch2 Mar 2026· Holzforschung

Wood modification with lignin cleavage products-phenol-formaldehyde impregnation resin: resistance to soft-rot decay in soil contact

Softwood kraft lignin cleavage products replaced 30% of phenol in a PF impregnation resin; treated pine and beech showed mass loss below 0.5% and durability class 1.

“30 % of phenol in a PF resin was substituted by softwood kraft LCP from pyrolysis”

machine-triagedresearch27 Mar 2026· Journal of Phytology

Development of formaldehyde-free wood adhesive resins using oil palm’s nano lignin particles

Lignin nanoparticles from oil palm empty fruit bunch were evaluated as reinforcements at 10%, 30% and 50% loadings in a bio-based adhesive resin.

“At loadings of 10%, 30%, and 50%, the LNPs were evaluated as reinforcements in resin.”

machine-triagedresearch13 May 2026· European Journal of Wood and Wood Products

Synthesis of lignin-formaldehyde resin as wood adhesive and usage of trimethyl stearyl amine-montmorillonite as filler to improve plywood performances under dry/wet conditions

Reactive lignin fully replaced phenol in a lignin-formaldehyde wood adhesive; plywood with 10 wt% TMSA-MMT filler gave dry/wet strengths of 6.15/2.2 MPa.

“a new method was developed for the production of lignin formaldehyde (LF) resin, which can also be defined as green wood adhesive”

machine-triagedresearch25 May 2026· ACS Applied Polymer Materialstitle only

Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive Based on a Waterborne Maleic Anhydride Copolymer and Unmodified Kraft Lignin

A formaldehyde-free wood adhesive is developed from a waterborne maleic anhydride copolymer combined with unmodified kraft lignin.

machine-triagedresearch26 May 2026· Polymers

Characterization of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Synthesized with Different Lignin Sources

Lignins from hardwood, softwood and bamboo were used to partially replace phenol in PF resins, altering viscosity, gel time and formaldehyde emission.

“lignins from hardwood, softwood, and bamboo were evaluated as partial replacements for phenol in plywood and paper panel applications”

machine-triagedresearch29 May 2026· Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materialstitle only

Fabricating a fully lignin-based adhesive from in-situ phenolation of lignocellulosic biomass

Describes fabricating a fully lignin-based adhesive through in-situ phenolation of lignocellulosic biomass.

machine-triagedresearchMay 2026· Construction and Building Materialstitle only

High-performance lignin phenolic resin adhesives constructed by modifying with deep eutectic solvents and compositing with MoS₂

Lignin phenolic resin adhesives were modified with deep eutectic solvents and composited with MoS₂.

machine-triagedresearch5 May 2026· ACS Nanotitle only

Lignin Colloids-Induced Interfacial Films Stabilize Water-In-Oil Isocyanate Emulsion Adhesives for Robust Wood Lamination

Lignin colloids form interfacial films that stabilize water-in-oil isocyanate emulsion adhesives for wood lamination.

“Lignin Colloids-Induced Interfacial Films Stabilize Water-In-Oil Isocyanate Emulsion Adhesives”

machine-triagedresearch17 Apr 2026· Journal of Complex and Multiphysics Engineering Systemstitle only

Forest Management Residues for Engineered Wood-Based Composites and Bio-Adhesive Systems: A Critical Review on Material Valorization and Circular Biomass Integration

This critical review covers valorization of forest management residues into engineered wood-based composites and bio-adhesive systems within circular biomass integration.

“Forest Management Residues for Engineered Wood-Based Composites and Bio-Adhesive Systems”

2026-Q1 · Dec 2025 – Feb 2026

Machine-triaged leads (18)

machine-triagedresearchDec 2025· Forest Products Journal

High-Performance Formaldehyde-Free Lignin Adhesives from Sugarcane Bagasse via Epoxy Cross-Linking

A formaldehyde-free lignin adhesive from sugarcane bagasse was prepared by water-based epoxy cross-linking, and particleboard formaldehyde emissions are reported.

“Lignin derived from sugarcane bagasse presents a sustainable and completely formaldehyde-free alternative to conventional wood adhesives”

machine-triagedresearch16 Dec 2025· Polymers

Phenol–Formaldehyde Adhesives Modified with Eucalyptus Lignin: The Advantages of Soda Lignin

Phenol–formaldehyde adhesives extended with five Eucalyptus lignins, activated by hydroxymethylation or phenolysis, were tested for tensile shear strength on wooden specimens.

“it is possible to replace at least 45% of the base resin with activated Eucalyptus soda lignin”

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· Green Chemistry

Fully bio-based wood adhesives from lignin and zein protein

A scalable lignin–zein adhesive forms strong joints and can be selectively reversed, enabling fully bio-based plywood for indoor applications and reuse.

“enabling fully biobased plywood manufacturing and reuse for indoor applications”

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· RSC Advances

Lignin phosphorylation to enhance mechanical and physical properties and reduce formaldehyde emissions in plywood panels

Lignin phosphorylation is examined to enhance mechanical and physical properties and reduce formaldehyde emissions in plywood panels.

“Lignin is gaining more attention for its potential use in adhesives for wood-based composites”

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· Journal of Renewable Materialstitle only

Plywood Bio-Adhesives by Oxidized Lignin Urea Bridged with Oxidized Starch

Oxidized lignin-urea bio-adhesives bridged with oxidized starch are developed for plywood.

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· Journal of Renewable Materialstitle only

Phenolic Wood Adhesives by Amino Acid-Derived Deep Eutectic Solvents-Treated Lignin for Complete Phenol Replacement

Amino acid-derived deep eutectic solvent-treated lignin is used in phenolic wood adhesives for complete phenol replacement.

machine-triagedresearch22 Jan 2026· Nature

Screening high-quality lignins extracted from biomass to prepare biobased wood adhesives - Nature

Reports screening of high-quality lignins extracted from biomass for preparing biobased wood adhesives.

“Screening high-quality lignins extracted from biomass to prepare biobased wood adhesives”

machine-triagedresearch28 Feb 2026· ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan

Synthesis of Lignin–Urea Formaldehyde (LUF) Wood Adhesive Based on Lignin Extracted from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)

The study synthesized lignin-urea-formaldehyde wood adhesive from oil palm empty fruit bunch lignin and evaluated its tensile strength and formaldehyde emissions.

machine-triagedresearch13 Dec 2025· Polymer Composites

Mechanisms and Properties for Sustainable Fiberboard Recycling via Simultaneous Utilization of Residual Urea‐Formaldehyde Resin and Lignin

Cured urea-formaldehyde resin and intrinsic lignin were co-utilized under acidic conditions to produce recycled fiberboard with reported internal bonding strength of about 1.98 MPa.

“A substantial amount of discarded fiberboard is ground for reuse globally.”

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· Green Chemistry

Deep eutectic solvents regulate lignin properties: in situ synthesis of low-curing-temperature phenolic resin

Deep eutectic solvents regulate lignin properties, enabling in situ synthesis of a low-curing-temperature lignin-based phenolic resin adhesive.

“Lignin-based phenolic resins (LPF) are promising bio-based adhesives”

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· Green Chemistry

Flame-retardant wood adhesive prepared from pulp mill residues

Kraft pulp mill side-streams were valorized to produce a fully bio-based flame-retardant wood adhesive with performance competitive with commercial alternatives.

“produce a fully biobased flame-retardant wood adhesive”

machine-triagedresearch23 Dec 2025· Polymer Engineering & Science

A Lignin‐Based Phenolic Resin With a Rapid Curing Rate and High Bonding Strength

Oxidized lignin mimicking mussel adhesive catechol and quinone structures was used to prepare fast-curing lignin-based phenolic resins with faster curing, higher bonding strength, and better thermal stability.

“The ODLPF resins demonstrated enhanced performance, including a faster curing rate, improved bonding strength”

machine-triagedresearchFeb 2026· International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesivestitle only

Argan shell-derived phosphorylated lignocellulose: A sustainable pathway in wood adhesive formulation

The title presents argan shell-derived phosphorylated lignocellulose as a sustainable pathway in wood adhesive formulation.

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· International Journal of Biological Macromoleculestitle only

Unprecedentedly tough, strong, water-resistant, and multifunctional lignin-based resin adhesives inspired by loose connective tissue, plant cell walls, and mussel foot proteins

Lignin-based resin adhesives with toughness, strength, and water resistance are reported, inspired by connective tissue, plant cell walls, and mussel foot proteins.

“Unprecedentedly tough, strong, water-resistant, and multifunctional lignin-based resin adhesives”

machine-triagedresearch21 Jan 2026· Advanced Materials Research

Kraft Pulping of Mango Seed Husk: Lignin Yield Optimization and Potential Resin Application

Kraft pulping of mango seed husk was optimized for lignin yield; the isolated lignin had high phenolic hydroxyl content and guaiacyl units, indicating potential as a phenol substitute in PF resin.

“could be a great potential as phenol substitute in PF resin production”

machine-triagedresearchDec 2025· Academia and Societytitle only

Biosoftening of Lignin in Sugarcane Bagasse Using Pleurotus Sajor- Caju: A Sustainable Approach for Enhancanced Reactivity in Resin- Production

Fungal biosoftening of lignin in sugarcane bagasse is studied as a way to enhance lignin reactivity for resin production.

“Biosoftening of Lignin in Sugarcane Bagasse”

machine-triagedresearchJan 2026· BioResources

Analysis of adhesive-free bonding performance of poplar wood surface swelled with NaOH solution

Poplar wood was surface-swelled with NaOH and hot-pressed to give adhesive-free bonding; molten lignin encapsulating fibers was observed at the bonding interface.

“a distinct phenomenon of molten lignin encapsulating fibers was observed at the bonding interface”

machine-triagedresearch25 Jan 2026· ACS Omegatitle only

Property Variations of Binder-Free Lignin-Rich Fiber Networks Driven by Forming Processes and Hot Pressing

The study examines property variations of binder-free lignin-rich fiber networks driven by forming processes and hot pressing.

Key literature

Ang A.F., Ashaari Z., Lee S.H., Md Tahir P., Halis R. (2019). Lignin-based copolymer adhesives for composite wood panels – A review. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102408 review
Kalami S., Arefmanesh M., Master E., Nejad M. (2017). Replacing 100% of phenol in phenolic adhesive formulations with lignin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. doi:10.1002/app.45124 research
Mansouri H.R., Navarrete P., Pizzi A., Tapin-Lingua S., Benjelloun-Mlayah B., et al. (2010). Synthetic-resin-free wood panel adhesives from mixed low molecular mass lignin and tannin. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. doi:10.1007/s00107-010-0423-0 research
Hemmilä V., Adamopoulos S., Karlsson O., Kumar A. (2017). Development of sustainable bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels – A Review. RSC Advances. doi:10.1039/C7RA06598A review
Pizzi A. (2006). Recent developments in eco-efficient bio-based adhesives for wood bonding: opportunities and issues. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. doi:10.1163/156856106777638635 review

Full literature list →