[
  {
    "id": "formaldehyde",
    "name": "Formaldehyde",
    "smiles": "C=O",
    "role": "Incumbent crosslinker in UF, MUF and PF resins; the substance the new rules limit.",
    "routes": [
      "incumbents"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "urea",
    "name": "Urea",
    "smiles": "NC(N)=O",
    "role": "Amino co-monomer of UF resins; also paired with glyoxal in UG resins.",
    "routes": [
      "incumbents",
      "crosslinkers"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "phenol",
    "name": "Phenol",
    "smiles": "Oc1ccccc1",
    "role": "Fossil phenolic monomer of PF resins; the component lignin and tannin aim to replace.",
    "routes": [
      "incumbents",
      "lignin"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "melamine",
    "name": "Melamine",
    "smiles": "Nc1nc(N)nc(N)n1",
    "role": "Raises moisture resistance of UF (MUF) resins.",
    "routes": [
      "incumbents"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "p-coumaryl-alcohol",
    "name": "p-Coumaryl alcohol (H unit)",
    "smiles": "OC/C=C/c1ccc(O)cc1",
    "role": "Monolignol giving H units; abundant in grass lignins.",
    "routes": [
      "lignin"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "coniferyl-alcohol",
    "name": "Coniferyl alcohol (G unit)",
    "smiles": "OC/C=C/c1ccc(O)c(OC)c1",
    "role": "Main monolignol of softwood lignin; one free ring position ortho to the phenol for crosslinking.",
    "routes": [
      "lignin"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "sinapyl-alcohol",
    "name": "Sinapyl alcohol (S unit)",
    "smiles": "OC/C=C/c1cc(OC)c(O)c(OC)c1",
    "role": "Hardwood monolignol; both ortho positions methoxylated, so less reactive toward aldehydes.",
    "routes": [
      "lignin"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "catechin",
    "name": "(+)-Catechin (flavan-3-ol unit)",
    "smiles": "O[C@H]1Cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2O[C@@H]1c1ccc(O)c(O)c1",
    "inchikey": "PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N",
    "role": "Representative monomer unit of condensed tannins; the A-ring is the nucleophilic site toward aldehydes.",
    "routes": [
      "tannins"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "l-lysine",
    "name": "L-Lysine",
    "smiles": "NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O",
    "inchikey": "KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N",
    "role": "Amine-rich amino acid; lysine residues in proteins and polylysine react with crosslinkers.",
    "routes": [
      "proteins"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "epichlorohydrin",
    "name": "Epichlorohydrin",
    "smiles": "ClCC1CO1",
    "role": "Precursor of the azetidinium groups in PAE resins, the common crosslinker for soy adhesives.",
    "routes": [
      "proteins",
      "crosslinkers"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "alpha-d-glucose",
    "name": "alpha-D-Glucopyranose",
    "smiles": "OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O",
    "inchikey": "WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N",
    "role": "Repeat unit of starch (amylose and amylopectin); also a sugar feedstock.",
    "routes": [
      "carbohydrates"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "sucrose",
    "name": "Sucrose",
    "smiles": "OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O",
    "inchikey": "CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N",
    "role": "Polyol in citric acid-sucrose adhesives and sugar-based NIPU.",
    "routes": [
      "carbohydrates",
      "carboxylic-acids",
      "nipu"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "glucosamine",
    "name": "D-Glucosamine (stereochemistry omitted)",
    "smiles": "NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O",
    "role": "Repeat unit of chitosan; the amine gives cationic, film-forming behaviour.",
    "routes": [
      "carbohydrates"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "citric-acid",
    "name": "Citric acid",
    "smiles": "OC(=O)CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O",
    "role": "Tricarboxylic acid that forms ester crosslinks with polyols and wood hydroxyls on hot pressing.",
    "routes": [
      "carboxylic-acids"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "glyoxal",
    "name": "Glyoxal",
    "smiles": "O=CC=O",
    "role": "Non-volatile dialdehyde used as a formaldehyde substitute (UG, lignin-glyoxal, tannin-glyoxal).",
    "routes": [
      "crosslinkers"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "hmf",
    "name": "5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)",
    "smiles": "O=Cc1ccc(CO)o1",
    "role": "Sugar-derived furanic aldehyde; candidate aldehyde for formaldehyde-free phenolic and amino resins.",
    "routes": [
      "crosslinkers"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "furfuryl-alcohol",
    "name": "Furfuryl alcohol",
    "smiles": "OCc1ccco1",
    "role": "Furanic co-reactant in tannin-furanic systems; self-condenses under acid.",
    "routes": [
      "crosslinkers",
      "tannins"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "hexamine",
    "name": "Hexamine (hexamethylenetetramine)",
    "smiles": "C1N2CN3CN1CN(C2)C3",
    "role": "Hardener for tannin and lignin resins; it is itself a formaldehyde-releasing compound.",
    "routes": [
      "tannins",
      "crosslinkers"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "glycerol-carbonate",
    "name": "Glycerol carbonate",
    "smiles": "O=C1OCC(CO)O1",
    "role": "Bio-derivable five-membered cyclic carbonate; reacts with amines to hydroxyurethanes (NIPU).",
    "routes": [
      "nipu"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "acrylic-acid",
    "name": "Acrylic acid",
    "smiles": "C=CC(=O)O",
    "role": "Monomer for acrylic dispersions and polyacrylic acid; renewable routes are on the watch list.",
    "routes": [
      "acrylics"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "vinyl-acetate",
    "name": "Vinyl acetate",
    "smiles": "C=COC(C)=O",
    "role": "Monomer of PVAc, the incumbent for many layer-glued and assembly bonds.",
    "routes": [
      "acrylics",
      "incumbents"
    ]
  }
]